What is This New Year's of Which You Speak?
The selection of January 1 as the first day of each New Year is a purely human contrivance. It is not related to any natural marker. The collective “we” of the human population simply fixed January 1 as the date. Five decades before the birth of Christ, the Julian calendar (created by and for Julius Caesar) set January 1 as the start of a new year. The first day of January (named for the Roman god Janus) was the date that Rome’s two consuls assumed their yearlong offices. These were the two most important elected officials in the Republic; the term of their reign was significant. But for all of the depth, breadth and political sway of the Roman Empire, the Julian calendar was not universally adopted. During the Medieval Period, the Catholic Church viewed the January 1 celebration as a pagan festival and eventually set the New Year on the Feast of the Annunciation, March 25 th . It was not until 1570, when Pope Gregory ...